This explains the most common computerterms which you can encounter. This list was compiled from several sources. It does not explain HTML commands in detail because for this purpose another encyclopedia is available.The most recent update of this document can be found at: http://www.uithuizen.net/encyclopedia/terms.php
.ASF Advanced Systems Format. A file format that stores audio and video information and is specially designed to run over networks like the Internet. It is a compressed format that contains streaming audio, video, slide shows, and synchronized events. ASF enables content to be delivered to you as a continuous flow of data.
.BMP short for (Windows) BitMaP. Imagefileextension. Windows bitmaps store a single raster image in any color depth, from black-and-white to 24-bit color. The Windows bitmap file format is compatible with other Microsoft Windows programs. It does not support filecompression and is not suitable for Web pages. The BMP raster image format comes in three subformats: RGB encoded (OS/2 standard), RGB encoded (MS-Windows standard) and RLE encoded (MS-Windows standard). Overall, the disadvantages of the Windows bitmap file format outweigh the advantages. For images of photographic quality, use a .PNGfile, a .JPGfile, or a .TIFfile. BMP files are suitable for wallpaper in Windows.
.CDR Imagefileextension. The CDR image format can contain both vector information and bitmap information and has one subformat that is standardized by CorelDRAW!. .CDR is widely used in the prepress industry and the artistic design industry.
.CGM Imagefileextension. The CGM metafile can contain vector information and bitmap information. The CGM format has one subformat which is the Computer Graphics Metafile standard. It is an internationally standardized file format that is used by many organizations and government agencies, including the British Standards Institute (BSI), the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and the United States Department of Defense. It is the standard file format for storage and communication of graphical information, widely used on personal computers and accepted by desktop publishing and technical illustration systems.
.DIB Short for device Independent Bitmap. Imagefileextension for another form of .BMP, used widely with printers and display devices. The DIB raster image format comes in three subformats: RGB encoded (OS/2 standard), RGB encoded (MS-Windows standard) and RLE encoded (MS-Windows standard). it is a screen independ format.
.DLL abbreviation for: Dynamic-Linked Library Fileextension for a collection executable procedures combined in one single code-file on disk and that become linked with a program at the time it is loaded into memory rather than permanently placed in the executable. These file can be accessed by more than one application. This permits all programs using the DLL to be updated without recompiling simply by installing a new version of the library. many dll´s hold icons.
.EMF Enhanced Windows Metafile. Microsoft´s device-independent 32-bit vector format for Windows. This format is an improvement over the Windows Metafile Format (.wmf) and contains extended features, such as built-in scaling information, built-in descriptions that are saved with the file, improvements in color palettes and device independence. The EMF format is an extensible format, which means that a programmer can modify the original specification to add functionality or to meet specific needs. This modification can lead to incompatibilities between different types of EMF pictures.
.EPS Short for Encapsulated PostScript. Imagefileextension. is a proprietary, printer description language that can describe both vector information and bitmap information. The EPS raster image format has one format: Image only (Adobe standard). It is mostly used for desktop publishing and uses the Postscript page description language which can be used on both PCs and Macs. EPS is an industry-standard format which produces accurate representation on any PostScript printer. Disadvantages are: The on-screen representation may not match the printed representation; the on-screen representation may be low-resolution, a different image, or only a placeholder image and EPS files are designed to be printed. They are not the most suitable format to display information on the screen.
.GIF Imagefileextension. .GIF pictures store single raster image data or multiple raster image data in 8-bits, or 256 colors, therefore, detailed pictures and photo-realistic images lose color information and look paletted. GIF pictures support transparency, compression, although the lossless compression is in most cases inferior to the .JPG format or the .PNG format, interlacing, and multiple-image pictures (animated GIFs). GIF transparency is not alpha channeltransparency and cannot support semitransparent effects. .GIF compression is LZWcompression, at a roughly 3:1 ratio. The GIF raster image format comes in four subformats: Ver. 87a and Ver. 89a, which can be both interlaced or non-interlaced. All formats are standardized by CompuServe. Animated GIFs are supported in the GIF89a version of the GIFfile specification. It is the compressed, device independent format for color- and greyscale graphics. It is also a popular file exchange format for BBS- and WWW users.
.IFF Short for Interchange File Format. Imagefileextension. The IFF raster image format comes in two subformats: Compressed and uncompressed and are standardized by Electronic Arts. It is the image format standard for Amiga computers.
.INI INItialize. Fileextension. A file that contains configuration information for MS-Windows. Two .INI files, WIN.INI and SYSTEM.INI, are required by MS-Windows. In addition, many applications have their own .INI files.
.JPG Imagefileextension. .JPG pictures store a single raster image in 24-bit color. .JPG is a platform-independent format that supports the highest levels of compression. To represent a photo using less data, compressionsoftware segments the picture into blocks and computes an average value for each block. To retrieve the photo, the process is reversed. When creating a .JPG file, you can choose different levels of compression to display more or less of the original quality of the photo. .JPG compression ratios vary between 7:1 and 100:1. The .JPG format comfortably compresses files at a 10:1 to 20:1 ratio, with little picture degradation. .JPG compression is a lossy type of compression. .JPG compression works well with photo-realistic artwork. However, for simpler artwork with fewer colors, sharp levels of contrast, solid borders, or large solid areas of color, .JPG compression does not provide superior results. This loss occurs because the .JPG compression scheme compresses similar hues well. But the .JPG compression scheme does not work as well with sharp differences in brightness or with solid areas of color. When you edit and resave .JPG files, .JPG compounds the degradation of the original picture data. This degradation is cumulative. Some advantages are: Supports interlacing and .jpg is a widely supported internet standard. The .JPG raster image format has one format: the JPEG standard.
.KML Keyhole Markup Language. A file format to link images, descriptions and other kinds of information to geographical coordinates in order to display them in a geobrowser.
.ORG nonprofit and other organizations. Organization zonename, used for Internet addresses in URL's.
.OVL OVerLay-Fileextensionfile with additional command- or control information for complex programs usually this file contains such an amount of information that it could not be integrated in the main executable file.
.PCX Imagefileextension.Also called PC Paintbrush pictures, or (for obvious reasons) Z-Soft bitmaps, store a single raster image at any color depth. Paintbrush pictures are more widely used in earlier Windows programs and MS-DOS-based programs. Paintbrush pictures are compatible with many later programs. The PCX raster image format has four subformats all set by ZSofts Paintbrush: Ver. 0, Ver. 2 (with palette info), Ver. 3 (without palette info) and Ver. 5. .PCX pictures support Run Length Encoded (RLE) internal compression.Web browsers do not support .PCX files.
.PDF Portable Document Format. PDF is Adobe Acrobat's document description format. Fileextension.
.PIC 1) Imagefileextension. The PIC raster image format has one format: Pictor/PC Paint standard. 2) Imagefileextension. The PIC non raster image format has one subformat and is standardized by Lotus Development Corp. 3)Macintosh Picture (PICT). The PICTfile is a 32-bitmetafile format for the Macintosh computer. PICTfiles use RLE internal compression, which works reasonably well. PICTfiles support JPEGcompression if QuickTime is installed (Macintosh only). Advantages are: PICT is the best file format for on-screen display on the Macintosh computer and it is the best printing format to use when you print from the Macintosh computer to a non-PostScript printer. Disadvantages are: Fonts may be represented incorrectly when they are moved cross-platform and QuickTime must be installed to view some PICTfiles correctly.
.PIF Program Information File a file with specifications that define how a DOS-application should be handled under Windows.
.PNG Imagefileextension.PNG pictures store a single raster image at any color depth. PNG is a platform-independent format. It supports high-level lossless compression, alpha channeltransparency, gamma correction and interlacing. The file format has some disadvantages. It is not always supported by older web browsers, provides less compression than the lossy compression of JPEG and offers no support for multi-image files or animated files. The PNG raster image format has one format and is developed as alternative for the copyrighted .GIF format. It applies so called lossless compression.
.TIF Abbreviation for: Tagged Image File (Format). Also TIFFImagefileextension. TIFF pictures store a single raster image at any color depth. TIFF is arguably the most widely supported graphics file format in the printing industry, especially between Macintosh computers and Windows-based computers. In fact it is an industry standard for storing halftone, line art and grayscaleimages. TIFF is not suitable for viewing in Web browsers The TIFF raster image format has six subformats with optional compression, which are all standards by Aldus Corporation: Huffman compressed, not compressed, pack bits compressed, LZW compressed, fax group 3 compressed and fax group 4 compressed. It is a graphical format which is used by many scanners or DTP-programs. It has the possibility for more than one picture per file. The TIFF format is an extensible format. This means that a programmer can modify the original specification to add functionality or to meet specific needs. Modifying the specification can lead to incompatibilities between different types of TIFF pictures.
.WMF Windows MetaFile. Graphics format for Windows. It is a 16-bitmetafile format optimized for the Windows operating system. It is used mainly to transfer graphics between applications through the clipboard or files.
.WPG Imagefileextension. The WPG raster image format has currently three formats: Ver 5.0, Ver 5.1 and Ver. 6.0 and are standardized by WordPerfect. There is also a vector image/meta image format available.
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